How does ransomware typically operate?

Ransomware operates by infiltrating a victim’s system, where it encrypts files and renders them inaccessible. This process effectively locks the user out of their own data, causing significant distress and potential data loss. After the encryption, ransomware typically displays a ransom note, demanding payment—often in cryptocurrency—in exchange for the decryption key that allows the user to regain access to their files. This financial motivation is central to its operation, making option B the accurate description of how ransomware functions. The effectiveness of this method relies on the urgency of data recovery experienced by victims, often leading them to comply with the demands despite the risks involved.