How does two-factor authentication (2FA) enhance security?

Two-factor authentication (2FA) significantly enhances security by requiring two separate forms of identification from users before granting access to sensitive data or systems. This approach combines something the user knows (like a password) with something the user has (like a smartphone app that generates a one-time code or a hardware token).

The two distinct factors ensure that even if one factor (such as the password) is compromised through methods like phishing or brute force attacks, the additional layer of security still protects the user’s account. This added complexity makes unauthorized access much more difficult, thereby offering a substantial boost to overall security.

The other options do not accurately describe how 2FA enhances security. Simplifying the login process is not a primary function of 2FA, as the intent is to add security rather than streamline access. Eliminating password requirements contradicts the principle of authentication since passwords are a foundational element of most security frameworks. Lowering system access controls would actually weaken security rather than enhance it.