What does the principle of least privilege entail in network security?

The principle of least privilege is a foundational concept in network security that stipulates users and systems should only be granted the minimum level of access necessary to perform their job functions effectively. This means that individuals are given just enough permissions to carry out their tasks, such as accessing specific data and resources relevant to their roles, while restricting access to everything else.

Implementing this principle helps to mitigate potential security risks by reducing the attack surface; if an account is compromised, the damage is limited to the privileges associated with that account. It also minimizes the risk of accidental or intentional misuse of sensitive information, as users do not have unnecessary access to data or systems that exceed their job requirements. Therefore, adhering to the principle of least privilege is essential in maintaining a secure network environment and protecting sensitive information.