What is the key difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption?

The key difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption lies in the number of keys utilized in each method. Symmetric encryption relies on a single secret key for both encryption and decryption processes. This means that the sender and receiver need to share this key securely before they can communicate. Since the same key is used for both operations, the encryption and decryption processes are typically faster and more efficient.

On the other hand, asymmetric encryption employs a pair of keys: a public key and a private key. The public key can be shared openly and is used to encrypt data, while the corresponding private key, which must be kept secret, is used for decryption. This two-key system allows for more secure communications, especially in scenarios where secure key exchange is a concern.

Understanding this fundamental distinction is essential for grasping how different encryption methods can be applied in various contexts, such as ensuring secure data transmission over the internet or protecting sensitive information at rest.