Which of the following best describes ransomware?

Ransomware is a specific type of malicious software (malware) designed to infiltrate a computer system, encrypt files, and then demand a ransom payment from the victim to restore access to their data. This type of attack can have devastating effects on both individuals and organizations, as it can lead to significant data loss, operational downtime, and financial consequences.

When ransomware executes, it typically encrypts the files on the infected system, rendering them inaccessible to the user. Following this, the affected individual or organization is presented with a ransom note detailing how to make the payment, usually in cryptocurrency, in exchange for the decryption key that is necessary to unlock the files. This model of attack capitalizes on the urgency and necessity of accessing critical data, pushing victims to pay the ransom.

Understanding the nature of ransomware is crucial for developing effective security strategies, such as implementing regular data backups, maintaining up-to-date security software, and educating users on recognizing phishing attempts that may lead to ransomware infections. Other choices do not accurately represent what ransomware entails; they refer to different aspects of cybersecurity that do not involve direct data compromise through encryption and ransom demands.